Spring Definition & Glossary Of Terms
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| Active Coils (n) |
| Those active coils which are free to deflect under load.
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| Air Spring |
| Spring using the elasticity of air, which is one of the fluid springs.
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| Angular relationship of ends |
| The relative position of the plane of the hooks or loops of extension springs to each other.
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| Arbor |
| A round, hardened rod or shaft upon which springs are wound., Also called a "mandrel"
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| Baking |
| Heating of electroplates springs to relieve hydrogen embrittlement.
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| Blue |
| A thin blue film of oxide on ferrous alloys, sometimes used to indicate that the material has been stress relieved.
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| Buckling |
| Bowing or lateral deflection of compression springs when compressed, related to the slenderness ratio (L/D)
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| C-Type Eccentric Retaining Ring |
| Eccentric retaining ring shaped like leter "C", including two types: for one-shaft-use and for in-bore-use.
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| C-Type Concentric Retaining Ring |
| Concentric retaining ring shaped like leter "C", including two types: for one-shaft-use and for in-bore-use.
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| Ceramic Spring |
| Spring made of ceramics (sintered materials mainly comprising aluminum oxide and the like) as called by its material.
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| Circlip |
| Generic term for circular springs, such as C-type retaining ring.
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| Closed Ends |
| Ends of compression springs, where pitch of the end coils is reduced so that the end coils touch.
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| Closed and ground ends |
| As with closed ends, except that the end is ground to provide a flat plane.
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| Closed length |
| See solid height
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| Close-wound |
| Coiled with adjacent coils touching
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| Coils per inch |
| See pitch
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| Cold Formed Spring |
| Spring formed in low temperature, such as the cold formed coil compression spring and the cold formed coil extension spring as called by its forming method.
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| Combination Spring |
| Combination of Multiple springs to obtain the required characteristics. (Springs may be combined in a serial or parallel way. A combination spring comprising two springs is called serial double spring or parallel double spring.)
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| Composite Resin Spring |
| Spring made of composite rresin materials, as called by its material.
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| Compression Spring |
| Spring subjected mainly to a compressive force, in the narrow sense, helical compression spring.
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| Constant Force Spring |
| Spring that indicates constant load or torque despite of the deflection change.
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| Constant Rate Spring |
| Spring deflection of which is linear to the load applied.
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| Deflection (F) |
| Motion of spring ends or arms under the application or removal of an external load (P)
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| E-Type Retaining Ring |
| Retaining ring shaped like letter "E" for on-shaft-use.
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| Elastic limit |
| Maximum stress to which a material may be subjected without permanent set.
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| Endurance limit |
| Maximum stress at which any given material will operate indefinitely without failure for a given minimum stress.
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| Extension Spring |
| Spring subjected mainly to an extensive force, in the narrow sense, helical extension spring (tension spring).
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| Fastener Spring |
| Various shapes of spring for fastening.
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| Flat Spring |
| Various shapes of spring made of thin flat materials, as called by its material.
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| Fluid Spring |
| Spring using the elasticity of gas or liquid, as called by its material.
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| Formed Wire Spring |
| Various shapes of springs made of wire, as called by its material.
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| Free Angle |
| Angle between the arms of a torsion spring when the spring is not loaded
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| Free Length (L) |
| The overall length of a spring in the unloaded position.
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| Frequency (natural) |
| The lowest inherent rate of free vibration of a spring itself (usually in cycles per second) with ends restrained.
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| Gas Pressure Spring |
| Spring using the elasticity of inert gas such as Argon or Helium, which is one of the fluid springs.
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| Gas Spring |
| Spring using the elasticity of inert gas such as Argon or Helium, which is one of the fluid springs.
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| Gradient |
| See Rate (R)
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| Grip Ring |
| Retaining ring used for shafts without grooves.
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| Heat setting |
| Fixturing a spring at elevated temperature to minimize loss of load at operating temperature.
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| Helix |
| The spiral form (open or closed) of compression, extension, and torsion springs.
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| Hooks |
| Open loops or ends of extension springs.
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| Hot Formed Spring |
| Spring formed in low temperature, such as the cold formed coil compression spring and the cold formed coil extension spring, as called by its forming method.
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| Hot pressing |
| The heat setting.
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| Hydrogen embrittlement |
| Hydrogen absorbed in electroplating or pickling of carbon steels, tending to make the spring material brittle and susceptible to cracking and failure, particularly under sustained loads.
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| Hydropneumatic Spring |
| Spring using the elasticity of gas or liquid, as called by its material.
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| Hysteresis |
| The mechanical energy loss that always occurs under cyclic loading and unloading of a spring, proportional to the area between the loading and unloading load-deflection curves within the elastic range of a spring.
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| Initial Tension (P) |
| The force that tends to keep the coils of an extension spring closed and which must be overcome before the coils start to open.
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| Load (P) |
| The force applied to a spring that caused a deflection (F).
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| Lock Washer |
| Generic term for washers for locking using the spring action.
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| Loops |
| Coil-like wire shapes at the ends of extension springs that provide for attachment and force application. |
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